In North America, very little research has been carried out on the restoration of fens. Increasingly peat industries are faced with the task of restoring abandoned, harvested peatlands where the environmental conditions closely resemble a fen. In fact, some mined peat sites in Canada have been abandoned with a peat surface that is comprised of sedge fragments and water and peat chemistry similar to moderate-rich fens rather than bogs. In such cases, the restoration of abandoned minerotrophic peat towards a moderate-rich fen is recommended, yet few such studies exist in North America.